/ URBAN MICROCLIMATE MODELLING
“Test the impact of measures before you implement them.”
10
Thermal conditions in a city do not depend on the weather alone. They are significantly influenced by the layout and height of buildings, the materials of roofs and paved surfaces, the amount and distribution of vegetation, shading, soil moisture and ventilation. As a result, temperature and heat stress can vary noticeably over a distance of just a few metres.
Temperature measurements show the actual conditions at individual measurement sites, while microclimate modelling provides a detailed spatial insight into the entire study area. It allows us to analyse existing conditions and assess how various planned measures would affect temperature, shading, air movement and thermal comfort.
Envirodual produces three-dimensional urban microclimate models using the ENVI-met software. The model integrates data on buildings, surfaces, vegetation and weather conditions and simulates their interactions. Results are presented as detailed maps, time series and comparisons between the existing situation and various urban cooling scenarios.
Modelling makes it possible to test the effects of tree planting, green roofs, removal of impervious surfaces, the use of lighter and reflective materials, the placement of water features and improved ventilation. Municipalities, designers and investors can thus determine before implementation which measures will be most effective at a given location.
The core functionalities of urban microclimate modelling include:
Defining the area and objectives of the analysis: Together with the client, we define the modelling area, the key challenges and the measures whose effects are to be tested.
Preparing spatial data: We collect and process data on buildings, building heights, roof and façade materials, land cover, trees, shrubs, lawns and water bodies.
Building a three-dimensional model: We convert the study area into a detailed 3D model that includes buildings, surface materials, land cover and soil structure, vegetation and water features.
Integrating meteorological data: We feed the model with typical or measured data on air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, and cloud cover or solar radiation.
Simulating the existing situation: The model calculates the spatial and temporal distribution of air temperature, humidity, wind, radiation and other microclimatic variables.
Assessing thermal comfort: In addition to air temperature, we analyse the physiological equivalent temperature (PET), an index that accounts for the combined effect of temperature, solar radiation, humidity and wind on how people perceive heat.
Modelling cooling measures: We prepare one or more scenarios with additional trees, green roofs, lawns, water features, shading, reflective materials or changes to the spatial layout.
Comparing scenarios: We compare the results of the planned measures with the existing situation and calculate the temperature differences and changes in thermal comfort.
Showing daily dynamics: The analysis shows how the effects of the measures change over the course of the day and when the differences between the existing and planned situation are greatest.
High-resolution maps: We present the results on detailed maps of mean, minimum and maximum temperatures and heat stress indicators.
Expert recommendations: Based on the results, we identify the areas with the highest heat stress and the measures with the greatest expected impact.
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Urban microclimate modelling is useful at various stages of spatial and investment planning:
Planning climate-resilient cities: The results help in preparing strategies for adapting to heatwaves and reducing the urban heat island.
Renovating streets and squares:Before a public space is renovated, the effects of new trees, green areas, shading devices, water features and different materials can be tested.
Planning new neighbourhoods: Comparing urban design variants shows how the arrangement of buildings, open spaces and vegetation affects shading and ventilation.
Optimising greening: The model helps determine the most suitable locations, number, height and arrangement of trees so that planting achieves the greatest possible cooling effect.
Evaluating green roofs: We analyse the greening potential of flat roofs and its impact on temperature conditions around buildings.
Reducing paved surfaces: We test the effect of replacing asphalt, concrete or paving with lawns, shrubs and other permeable surfaces.
Planning cool routes and areas: The results help identify and design more comfortable footpaths, parks, squares and outdoor spaces for people to spend time in.
Protecting vulnerable groups: Modelling is particularly useful around hospitals, health centres, schools, kindergartens and care homes for the elderly.
Comparing investment options: Before implementation, several scenarios can be compared to select the measure or combination of measures with the best balance between effect and implementation complexity.
Communicating planned measures: Clear maps of the existing and future situation make it easier to present solutions to decision-makers, investors and the public.
FUNCTIONALITIES
Simulating the microclimate of a city square, street, park, transport hub or residential area.
Testing the effect of a new tree-lined avenue on air temperature, shading and pedestrian thermal comfort.
Comparing several planting proposals in terms of the number of trees, crown size and spatial arrangement.
Analysing the impact of green roofs and façades on the microclimate of a densely built-up urban area.
Testing the effect of removing part of the asphalt or paved surfaces and replacing them with lawns.
Modelling the cooling effect of water bodies, fountains, misting systems and other water features.
Analysing the use of light-coloured or reflective materials on roofs, façades and paved surfaces.
Assessing the impact of new development on ventilation, heat retention and thermal comfort in the surrounding area.
Comparing the existing situation with a planned redesign of the surroundings of a hospital, school, kindergarten or care home for the elderly.
Preparing expert groundwork for municipal spatial plans, climate strategies and investments in green infrastructure.